Abd El Aal A
In this study, our objective is to describe some properties of Wasia Formation clay as raw materials in various ceramic applications. Clays were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition and plasticity. The data collected from these techniques show that the kaolinites are major clay phases. The main oxides in the clayey samples are SiO2 (51-53%), Al2O3 (26.0-28.0%), and Fe2O3 (2.0-3.0%). The accessory minerals detected in the powdered rock are; quartz, dolomite and hematite. This study reveals that the amount of silica is relatively high and a plasticity test shows a medium value. Geotechnical characterization was carried out on the three representative samples of Wasia Formation. Samples were pressed in a rectangular mould and sintered to a temperature ranging from 850 to 1000°C. Firing characteristics (shrinkage, water absorption, loss of ignition, and mechanical resistance to inflection or bending strength) were measured. Mechanical properties characterizations were performed by means of three-point bending tests. The optimum firing temperature of each sample has been established. The maximum bending strength of each sample has been determined. Generally, the chemical and physical properties of investigated clay samples of Wasia Formation indicate their suitability as raw materials for the production of ceramics, Sanitary Ware, Porcelain and Refractories
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