Saied Mirshahidi*
A group of cancers with very different phenotypes make up thyroid carcinoma. The identification of genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic factors that contribute to the heterogeneity of these cancers has been advancing as a result of recent advancements in biological technologies. In this review article, we talk about new findings that are making it easier to find new therapeutic targets and expanding our knowledge of the biology of thyroid cancer. The underlying biology and phenotypic characteristics of various thyroid cancer subtypes are examined. We focus on genetic and epigenetic factors, characteristics of cancer stemness and tumor microenvironments in our discussion of recent findings regarding the heterogeneity of thyroid cancer and the crucial mechanisms that contribute to the heterogeneity.
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