பொருளாதாரம் மற்றும் மேலாண்மை அறிவியல் சர்வதேச இதழ்

The health-care industry in the United States is constantly being altered with new legislation, globalization and informed consumers representing the forces of transformational change. Medical practitioners are realizing that their training and knowledge acquired in medical school is proving inadequate to handle the newer business and competitive pressures. Business management and marketing skills are becoming necessary to efficiently manage, maintain, and grow physician practices. This exploratory research study involved a diverse sample of practicing and administrative physicians, to examine the degree at which change is making it imperative for a medical practitioner to learn and acquire these competencies. The analysis of a survey administered to physicians included using the quantitative data analytical technique of correlation. A notable response to the survey indicated that 76.9% (40) of respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that the convenience and asynchronous nature of online education could serve their business educational needs since time is at a premium.

Recently, the World Bank and IMF have been more interested in understanding whether foreign aid inflows from multilateral or bilateral donors have catalyzing effect on the crowd out effect to FDI. From this fact, the paper investigates the causal relationship between foreign aid, both bilateral and multilateral aid with FDI inflows to EAC members. Using time analysis techniques of VECM and Granger causality, the results are mixed. On one hand, foreign aid (bilateral and multilateral) causes FDI in two countries. On the other hand, we found no relationship between foreign aid and FDI in other two countries. The results calls for appropriate policy implementations.

The irrational use of drugs often referred to as Self-medication, is fast becoming a global issue affecting all works life, including the Nigerian Banking Industry. This study aims at investigating the factors responsible for the practice of self medication among bankers in Ilorin, north central region of Nigeria. The study was conducted in five new generation banks in Ilorin, namely: Fidelity Bank, Diamond Bank, Zenith Bank, Access Bank and Guaranty Trust Bank. Information was gathered through questionnaire administration and a total of 240 bankers were included in the study. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. The study made use of tables, simple percentage and chats to present the data retrieved from the field. Major factors influencing the practice of self-medication as revealed in the study include: busy nature of job (64%), knowledge of drug to take (91%), nature of sickness (85%), seriousness of the sickness (82%) and faster relief from sickness (46%). The practice of self medication is also affected by respondents’ age, work duration, annual income and business unit as test of associations were statistically significant (p<0.05). Stiffer government regulation remains the way out of this practice in the banking industry in Nigeria and the Nigerian society at large.

This paper aims to analyze the impact of Gross Domestic Product growth rate on inflation in Romanian economy for time series data between 2000 and 2013. The research methodology used is the method of least squares and the results show that there is a strong relationship between the two variables. Also there are other factors that may impact on the evolution of inflation (unemployment rate, the reference interest rates, supply and demand for currency, etc.), factors that I will consider in a future analysis.

In the framework of economic development recent years, a significant importance as been given to the entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprise development from developed countries and those in transition. Entrepreneurship reduces poverty and unemployment. Entrepreneurs with their innovative ideas establish their enterprises, provide their products or services to the market and positively affect the country's economy and development by hiring employees and paying their tax revenues. Therefore, governments have been investing on entrepreneurship trying to create entrepreneurs. The dilemma that remains whether the government's investment in vocational education and training foster entrepreneurship? Can entrepreneurs be created by training and education or entrepreneurs are highly driven by commitment and they were born to be an entrepreneur? This paper aims to investigate the influence of Vocational Training in terms of employment, entrepreneurship, new venture establishment and job creation in Kosovo. For purpose of this study, a single case study approach was employed with intention to explore and investigate the influence of Vocational training Center in terms of entrepreneurship and employment in Mitrovica, the region with highest rate of poverty and unemployment. This center provide to the job seekers that are registered as unemployed training or retraining professionally and for free. The VTD is responsible for managing the most advanced government vocational training network in Kosovo, comprising eight Vocational Training Centres and six Mobile Training Centres Vocational training Center in Mitrovica currently provide training in woodwork, kitchen, textiles, construction, metal processing, computer basics and business administration.

Purpose: This paper aim to investigate the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Mauritania for the period 1976 to 1995 quarterly data. It evaluated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) performance and the trends of FDI and Gross Fix Capital Formation (GFCF) in Mauritania. Methodology/sample: to demonstrate the relationship between Mauritanian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Gross Fix Capital Formation (GFCF) Multiple-Regression-Model has been applied along side with various econometrics techniques such as Unit-Root Test, Granger-Causality Test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). GDP in this model is used as dependent variable whereas FDI and GFCF are measured as independent variables. Findings: According to the results, Unit Root Test indicated that all the variables included in the model were not stationary at level except FDI, whereas GDP and GFCF are stationary at first difference. The model is overall significant with the positive and significant relationship of GDP, FDI and GFCF (divya). Result also indicate a good fit for the model with R2=85%. The Granger Causality Test revealed that there was no causality between the variables since all p-value obtained are more than 5%. Practical implications: Based on the empirical result of this paper, policy recommendation proposed that for Mauritania to generate more foreign direct investment, hard work should be made at solving problems of government involvement in business; relative closed economy; corruption; weak public institutions; and poor external image, and political instability.

A study was undertaken to examine the marketing system and price behavior of Hilsha fish in selected areas of Chandpur district of Bangladesh during the month of March-April 2012. The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, seasonal price variation and to test market integration of Hilsha fish. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. The higher marketing cost was incurred by aratdars and the lowest by retailer. On the other hand, retailers earned the highest net marketing margins. Analysis of market integration shows that Hilsha fish market in Bangladesh was well integrated. The findings of the study revealed that the marketing of Hilsha was a profitable business and some recommendations were provided for the improvement of Hilsha marketing in the country.

The past five years saw business sectors of the world wither a storm brought on by a global economic crisis, which started with American banks. This crisis left many companies and world economies limping. So far many organizations have faced the challenges of swimming through the waves of the crisis and trying to pick up the pieces after the economic downturn aftermath, amidst the doubts and uncertainty of whether the crisis is over. This paper aims to analyses and explain key challenges that companies experienced during and after the economic crisis.

The current research investigates the Cooperate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of FFC Fertilizer MirPur Mathelo Data were collected from300 stake holders and 400 local people from Mirpur Mathelo and their vicinity. Structural questionnaire were developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that the unfolding drought in Tharparkar has created a humanitarian crisis for the approximate 1.5 million inhabitants of the district. An all-out relief effort is underway to assist the remote desert communities. The recent draught in Thar where thousands of child were died without feed. FFC not only provide them feed but also help them by providing health facilities to them.