பொருளாதாரம் மற்றும் மேலாண்மை அறிவியல் சர்வதேச இதழ்

Recent developments, in the financial system in Nigeria have generated a renewed attention on the nexus between real and nominal economic variables. This study examined the relationship between nominal rate of interest, nominal money supply, prices and real output using quarterly data on these variables from 1980:1 to 2012:4. The study adopted a Vector Error-Correction Mechanism to test for the short - and long – run relationships and found out that nominal money supply has no contemporaneous effect on real output in Nigeria but does have significant impact on the latter in the long-run thereby refuting the money neutrality hypothesis. Consequent upon its bid to further examine these interdependences, Granger Causality tests, Impulse Response Functions and Variance Decompositions were carried out. The major findings are that nominal money supply and inflation rate are the most important endogenous variables in explaining variations and shocks to other variables like real output and inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends, inter alia, that money supply, not interest rate, should be used appropriately as an intermediate policy variable with real output being the final target and that appropriate inflation-targeting policies be put in place because of its significant role in explaining variations in long – run real output.

Human resource is the most critical source of the organization to grow, develop, progress and earn profit. Performance of the workers depends upon their perceptions, attitude, and behavior about organizations. Politics in the organizations affect the performance of the workers. Job stress increases due to organizational politics. This paper is an effort to measure the effect of organizational politics on employee’s performance in the public sector organizations of Karachi, Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire is used to gather the data. Questionnaire was floated in the public sector organization of Karachi Pakistan. The analysis of our results shows that there is negative association between organizational politics and performance of the worker. Performance of the worker increases rapidly in the politics free working environment.

Coordination within the supply chain is a strategic weapon to the problem that occurs due to lack of supply chain coordination. Since supply chain consists of various organizations, it can satisfy customers’ needs, only when the whole of its partners becomes coordinated. To cope up and endure in a business environment where competition is high, firms should decrease the flow of interruption within upstream and downstream supply chain activities. This kind of endurance in such business environment can only be achieved by means of organized supply chain coordination. In this paper, we investigated empirically the major factors affecting supply chain coordination in milk and dairy industries. Based on an extensive literature review, the study created 15 measured variables and offered a comprehensive model to examine four key constructs. The data were collected from 330 milk suppliers, processors, and retailers in the central part of Ethiopia and the result were validated using rigorous statistical techniques. To approach this, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been applied to classify factors for major constructs. And also, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the convergent validity through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using AMOS version 4.

The promotion mix is a term used to describe the set of tools that a business can use to communicate effectively the benefits of its products or services to its customers. The purpose of promotion is to reach the targeted consumers and persuade them to buy. Promotion has been defined as the coordination of all seller-initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion to sell goods and services or promote an idea. Sales promotion is vital element of promotional mix. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sales promotion on buyer decision making process. In other words, the general objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of some elements on the buying behaviors of customers. Marketing activities related to the promotion of sales increased consumer purchases and indirectly to get more profit for the company. So, the purpose of sales promotion is to reach the targeted consumers and pervade them to buy .Sales promotion has become a vital tool for marketing and its importance has been increasing significantly over the years. One of the purposes of a sales promotion is to elicit a direct impact on the purchase behavior of the firm’s consumers. Firms have to rethink the relationship between attitude and behavior of their consumers. In this study, we will discuss the impact of sales promotion on consumer purchasing behavior.

Poultry industry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India. The important aspect of poultry development in India is the significant variation in the industry across different regions. Namakkal poultry farmers faced many constraints in poultry egg production due to climate factor, disease outbreak, poor quality of chicks, lack of quality feed and, Bio security, seasonal variations in egg prices and demand, poor infrastructural facility. The economic status of Namakkal poultry farmers highly influenced by the above said factors in day-today life. Among these factors, the climatic factor ranks first in affecting the economic status of poultry farmers. This factor influences the prices of the eggs, productivity of eggs. We conclude that if the poultry farm is not affected by climatic factor, the revenue would be more throughout the year. This study suggests that the poultry farmers may adopt a suitable precautionary method to prevent the outbreaks by climatic factor. Then the economic status of the poultry farmers will be in equilibrium.

This study investigates the role of external debt on the economic growth of Mauritania. It applies various econometrics techniques such as unit root test, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Johansen Co-Integration Test. The study used Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as dependent variables, and External Debt (ED) and Debt Servicing (DS) as independent variables. The result showed that all variables are stationary at the 1st difference level. OLS test indicates a positive relationship between the GDP and ED and negative relationship between GDP and DS. The Johansen Co-Integration Test revealed a negative relationship between GDP and ED and positive relationship between GDP and DS. The findings support the recommendation that the Mauritanian government should reduce its dependence on external debt by stepping up efforts to boost internal revenue sources.

Recent decades, Information and communication technology has created inhuman life great Changes. So that all aspects of human life virtually encompass and even employment is not immune to these developments. Employment is one of the most important macroeconomic variables. In this study we compared the effects of information and communication technology on employment industries Yazd and Kerman provinces. The study included two provincial panel data from various industries since the 2009-2012. Results showed that the information and communication technology industry has a direct and significant effect on employment of the two provinces of Yazd and Kerman. This result demonstrates the importance of information and communication technology and trying to expand in the country and is helping to create jobs.