பொருளாதாரம் மற்றும் மேலாண்மை அறிவியல் சர்வதேச இதழ்

This paper introduces finding and results of an explorative research on consumer preference for onion products. Research is concerned with investigating whether user households’ demand for processed onion is influenced by attributes that they conceive for the product and whether users can identify these attributes .Such attributes is presumed to be attended to by manufacturer. The study had been designed with the purpose to firstly explore Sudanese consumers’ perception and acquaintance with onion commodity, and their motives for buying the commodity and using it. Secondly to reveal users insights and views on the proposed new products and the attributes that consumers like a new onion product to possess. Thirdly is to investigate consumers’ willingness to buy a new product and their requirements. Data is collected using Focus Group Discussion technique. Collected data are discussed and analyzed using frequency test based on what respondents expressed their views, attitudes and their expectations on the processed onion product. The research was concluded by highlighting implications on suppliers of potential product to develop their marketing policy based on the marketing mix concept (4 P’s).

The study aims to develop Heckman model of dietary diversity score: the case of Akaki Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme. Out of 700 farming households with systematically stratified random sampling technique, this causal type of study analyzed 246 household surveys based primary data (personal interview questionnaire) with inferential statistics (Heckman two stage). It shows that farming households are still insufficient of dietary diversity. At 0.05 probability level; sex, land size (ls), educational level (ed), off farm income (offarmi), irrigation experience (exep) and distance from home to water source (dhomeland) are significant determinant factors of dietary diversity. At 0.05 probability level; sex, off farm income (offarmi), irrigation experience (exep) and distance from home to water source (dhomeland) are statistically significant determinants and they reliably predict participation in small scale irrigation scheme, citrus paribus. Collective action among governments, NGOs and farming households on flood control and market linkage (perfect information on price of their product) should be taken to let farming households harvest two times per year and prosper.

This paper intends to explain the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship as crucial determinants of economic growth. Individual differences are what scholars in the emerging field of entrepreneurship view as relevant, usually undermined factors that account for the success of entrepreneurs. Policymakers usually initiate public policies from what economists have to say. It is not surprising policymaking process originates as top down approach. This paper tries to accomplish two tasks. “In informal attempts to explain [the growth of free market economy], the terms ‘innovation’ and ‘entrepreneur’ frequently recur. Yet in the main body of our writings on microeconomic theory these two words are also scarcely to be found”.

The purpose of the research was to study people’s participation in preventing and solving drug problems in Taweewattana district area Bangkok Metropolis. The sample of this study consisted of 395 volunteers, leaders and the ordinary people in Taweewattana district area Bangkok Metropolis and classified by sex, age, status, education and income. The study instruments were a set of questionnaires. Statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean ( ), and standard deviation (S.D). The data analysis has revealed the following facts: Holistically, the people’s participation in the prevention and revolution of the drug problems was found to be at a medium level ( = 3.07) Separately, the people’s participation in descending order by degree was as follows : setting a good example to the family members as to refraining from drug abuse ( =4.26), serve punishment to those getting involved in drug abuse ( =4.10), participation in guarding against drug abuse in the worst place of Thaweewattana District area In terms of personal backgrounds, it was found that the people with the following characteristics took part in the prevention and resolution of drug abuse to a greater extent : males aged 31-40 years, married people, a bachelor’s degree holders public employees and state enterprise employees and people having a monthly income more than 15,000 baht.

The main objective of this study is to analyze through tripod strategy Peng, the basics of why the acquisition and sale of Grupo Modelo (which it is the largest brewer in Mexico with the highest market share) through analysis of the annual reports of the company. The analysis will be supported under three main theories: theory of industry, theory of resources and capabilities and ultimately theory of institutions. The paper concludes with a compilation and analysis of information giving rise to answer the question why Grupo Modelo sold? And if have you had a positive result in the acquisition of Grupo Modelo by the company ABI?

During the liberation war in 1971 a nationalist weave emerged which gives Bangladeshis a spirit of freedom and dignity of independence but it also results on more reserved position in case of economic policy. Policy makers at that period used to see foreign companies access with a negative eyes. Foreign investments were discouraged as a result foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in Bangladesh till 1980 is very insignificant. The growth of Bangladesh’s FDI inflow was around US$ 308 – 356 million for long fifteen years (1980 – 1995) which started with an amount of US $ 0.090 million in 1972. Afterwards this concept has been changed into a reverse position and government start encouraging foreign direct investment from 1990s. A series of policy incentives, investment sovereignty has been offered to the FDI investors including tax holiday for several years, duty free facility for importing capital machinery, 100% foreign ownership, 100% profit repatriation facility, reinvestment of profit or dividend as FDI, multiple visa, work permit to foreign executives, permanent resident or even citizenship for investing a specific amount, Export Processing Zone (EPZ) facility, and easy hassle free exit facility. Potential sectors of can attract more FDI are power generation, infrastructure development, private port establishment, joint venture with deep sea port establishment under PPP, ship building, ICT sector, call center, education, healthcare, mining, gas extraction, agro processed product, electrical & electronics, light engineering, and fashion designing etc. After so many incentives offered by the government till now FDI Inflow into Bangladesh is not at a satisfactory level. During last few years fresh FDI investment in not taking place. From the statistics of last few years it is quite clear that, reinvestment of locally earned profit is the major amount of FDI into Bangladesh. Fresh FDI inflow is decreasing day by day. Government has to investigate the issue and undertake necessary measures to increase fresh FDI into Bangladesh.

One of the greatest characteristics of the present age is the widespread changes in the human knowledge along with the increasing number of social, political, economic, and technological disciplines. As a result, it is no longer the superior quality of products and services that is the recognizing and distinguishing factor but the quality of organization knowledge that is the key variable which determines its success (Govoreanu et al. 2010).In addition, all kind of organizations need information for supporting decision making process at distinctive levels in order to become competitive at the global level and retain their positions through exploiting environment opportunities. In today's world, the use of information and its conversion to applied intelligence to leading organizational decision-making has attracted increasing attention and seems to be an obligation and compulsion. Competitive intelligence plays a central role in protecting organizations against future risks and ensuring perception of concealed opportunities (Calof, 2008). Accordingly, the banking sector in North Cyprus is pivotal in developing the economy of this wonderful island. Therefore, this study seems to be the first attempt to measure competitive intelligence among 64 employees at several Cypriot banks including Turkish IS, Garanti, Ziraat, TEB, and Near East. Using Knowledge and the application of descriptive statistics. The research findings denote that there is a high level of competitiveness among the employees from the banks selected for this study.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a modelling technique which is based on the way the human brain process information. ANNs have proved to be good forecasting models in several fields including economics and finance. The ANN methodology is used by some central banks to predict various macroeconomic indicators such as the inflation, money supply, GDP growth etc. The use of the ANN for prediction is common in the forecasting literature but rare in Ghana. This paper forecasts inflation with the ANN method using the Ghanaian data. The monthly y-o-y data between 1991:01 and 2010:12 are used to estimate and forecast for the period 2011:01 to 2011:12. The result of the ANNs are also compared with traditional time series models such as the AR (12) and VAR (14) which use the same set of variables. The basis of comparison is the out-of-sample forecast error (RMSFE). The results show that the RMSFE of the ANNs are lower than their econometric counterparts. That is, by this comparative criterion forecast based on ANN models are more accurate.

National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Damanjodi is a govt. owned Navaratna company located in the major bauxite mining district of Odisha. The vast majority of the local population around NALCO are SCs and STs and most of them are employees of the company. On the contrary, it has a displacement effect on the tribals and creates water, air and sound pollution. Considering the above, this paper attempts to explain the significance of industrialisation and its impact on the local economic development through a case study in three peripheral villages of NALCO industrial area. In view of the specificity of the topic, we relied on primary data. The relevant information has been elicited from 100 residents of three surrounding villages of NALCO namely Kapsiput, Analabadi and Goudaguda through a special questionnaire. The findings reflect both positive and negative effects of mining, refinery, aluminium smelter and industrial effluents of NALCO on human and ecological health, pattern of livelihood, income, education and settlement of local population etc. and, finally, it suggests alternatives and improvements to prevent environmental and health degradation and, to actively promote education, health and economic development around industrial sites.