பொருளாதாரம் மற்றும் மேலாண்மை அறிவியல் சர்வதேச இதழ்

An organizational dominant type of culture is good only if it fits its context, whether one means by context the objective conditions of its industry, that segment of its industry specified by a firm’s strategy, or the business strategy itself. Organizational Culture can remain very stable over time yet it is never static. The purpose of this article is to indicate the different dominant organizational culture types that matches and adapts with the different circumstances that a company faces throughout its life cycle.

Oman, administered by the Middle Eastern standards, is a middle income economy, where oil makes a larger contribution to the GDP of the country. Like every other nation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Sultanate of Oman too has been adversely affected by the decline in oil prices over the past year. The country saw its revenues go down by more than 50% in recent years. Thereby Oman started to rethink its strategies. Presently Oman is into its vision Oman 2020, commenced in 1995 as a five year plan comprising series of goals for economic and social development. It comprises economic and financial stability, redesigning government’s role in the economy with the cooperation of the private sector, building a diversified economy based on national resources, globalization of the Omani economy, upgrading the Omani workforce and developing human resources. There is an upcoming concentration of entrepreneurship being injected into SMEs as a catalyst to achieve economic and social development objectives, including growth, innovation, employment, and equity. SMEs can manifest within an economy in a number of ways, and it includes both formal and informal economic activities for the purposes of creating wealth. Having understood the significance of SMEs and its role in economic development of Oman the present study is undertaken to explore the best orientation model that will enable entrepreneurs to rethink and implement the best entrepreneurial marketing strategies via SMEs at Oman. A sampling frame of eighteen units comprising SMEs, public sector, private sector and educational institutions was selected and an in-depth face to face semi-structured interview was carried out. Case study approach with an investigation of contemporary phenomenon from selected units was undertaken. Through this method various evidences were gathered from several sources like documentation, records, interviews, direct observation, participant observation and physical artifacts. Thereby the present paper explores and describes the phenomenon by qualitative content analysis through text interpretation method.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of organizational justice on employee performance in public sector organization of Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was adopted to collect information from approximately 120 employees of Pakistan Railways. Out of total 120 questionnaires distributed, 110 were collected with 2 filled improperly thus; approximate response rate was about 92%. It is expected that findings of this research will be useful not only for the organizations and their employees but also for future research scholars. The results are expected to provide an insight in to the impact of organizational justice on employee performance in public sector organizations of Pakistan, which would benefit the organizations, their managers, employees and in particular HR department.

The popularity of mutual fund investing among private investors has grown dramatically all over the world during last 40 years. Therefore, the research in mutual fund has increased significantly. Despite this huge demand of mutual fund investing, only a few researches on mutual fund have been conducted in Bangladesh. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of 15 close-ends Bangladeshi mutual funds traded in DSE (Dhaka stock exchange) based on monthly net asset value. For this purpose the methodologies employed in this study are risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Jensen, Treynor, and Sharpe widely known as Jensen alpha, Treynor ratio, Sharpe ratio. DSEX index has used as a proxy for benchmark index. The study found that over the research period (from 2013 to 2017) 12 out of 15 funds got superior return compared to benchmark index return. In addition to, diversification, market timing and selectivity skill of fund managers are tested with help of co-efficient of determination (R2), quadratic regression of Treynor and Mazuy and Fama decomposition model respectively. The paper found that 9 out of 15 funds are well diversified and have reduced its unique risk. Finally this paper has revealed no statistically significant timing skill but moderate level of selectivity in mutual fund market of Bangladesh.

This study examined the privatization policies effects on Sudanese Women’s economic position. In a qualitative analysis the study found that Women’s economic positions were strongly influenced by these redundancies. Both groups of respondents from the bank and the factory have shouldered the impact of privatization policies in a similar way, as the issues emerging were related to the roles undertaken by women at family/household level before redundancy. Major groups in the sample were from the female heads of households (FHH) group, particularly, women bankers. The other group is women sharing equally in the household budget, while sole breadwinner in the big family represents a core group. The FHH group emerged as a feature among professional women in the sample of women bankers; redundancy led these women to impoverishment in some cases, and in others to severe deterioration in their economic conditions. As the government embarked on its decision, based on the male breadwinner notion, in the implementation of privatisation policies, women employed in the public enterprises were the first to go.

Organizations have diverse goals in evaluating their members and employees performance. Evaluation enables managers to understand the failure of individual’s skills and they use the evaluation results to implement training programs. Each performance evaluation in the decision-making plays an important role but the ultimate goal of performance evaluation is job motivation for staff development. Findings of this study suggest that extroverted, conscientious, and agreed employees have more flexibility, high performance and emotional stability than other employees. The above features interact with each other and they lead to better performance in their personnel. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between five factors of personality and job performance evaluation system of employees. The statistical community of this study is educational staff of Khorasan Razavi state of Iran which includes 297 members. The 60 scale option of NEO-PI-R plus assessment forms of educational department is used to measure the personality assessment. The Pierson and Regression correlation coefficient is used for the analyzing data and the research method in this study is based on a descriptive survey, it is worthy to mention that in this study different research ways such as using library, field studies and questioner instruments are used. The results of this research show that job performance, has significant positive correlation with Extroversion, Responsibility, Agreeableness and Emotional stability factors.

This study is a follow-up on effectiveness of government strategies to redress the current Nigeria economic recess. Specifically, the study examined the adequacy of public expenditure led approaches to retract the negative growth of national income. In order to achieve this, the paper examines the validity of Wagner’s law and Keynesian proposition in Nigeria using Toda and Yamamoto and Dolado and Lutkepohl (TYDL) approaches to causality within the frameworks of augmented VAR and Block Exogeneity Wald test. The study employed aggregate and disaggregated government expenditure under six different sub divisions. The results show that five of the six pairs of the expenditure components, which includes, total government expenditure, capital expenditure, expenditure on economic activities, expenditure on general administration and expenditure on agriculture support Wagner’s law, only expenditure on agriculture supports Keynesian proposition on bidirectional causality while no causality is found for recurrent expenditure. It is therefore evidenced that Wagner’s law is strongly supported in Nigeria, thus suggests that private sector led approach would be more appropriate for Nigeria economic recovery than the current expansionary fiscal policy approach of the government.

These days’ companies use the concept of branding in the area of Human Resource Management and the application of branding principles to HRM has been termed as Employer Branding. This ideology is applied to attract potential recruits and to reassure that the existing employees are involved in the company’s culture and strategy. Therefore, the aim this research study is to analyze how organizations’ reputation together with job attributes influence potential job seekers’ intention to apply for a job. This study is quantitative in nature and its scope is to find out the impact of organizational identity on potential recruits. To achieve this objective, a survey of a sample size of 100 students enrolled in the Masters and Graduate program of four business school Karachi was conducted with the help of questionnaire. Correlation test will be run to find out the relationship between reputation perception and job-pursuit intentions. Through the in-depth analysis of the conducted survey, it was seen that employer branding is positively associated with job seeker intention to apply and to attract more than more talented and qualified candidates therefore organization need to be attractive employer by focusing on different strategies of employer branding and through this approach their can increase applicant intention to apply. It can be concluded that reputation information of an organization creates brand equity that generate the perception of organization's prestige in the market and students get influenced by the reputation of a firm because due to that they want to associate with a branded organization to start their career.

Marketing communications by Word of Mouth or WOM universally important role in business success and is one of the marketing communication strategy, a strong impact on the performance of marketing, as well as playing an important role in influencing the purchasing decision back. WOM can be an alternative marketing communications for a private university based Islamic religion that have had difficulty in promoting the institution. The research aims to analyze the influence of service quality on WOM marketing communications. Another research aim is to analyze the role of satisfaction as a mediator, and the role of religiosity as moderator effect of service quality on WOM marketing communications. Respondents are students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang and University of Islam Malang who had conducted WOM. Data collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SEM PLS. The analysis showed that the service quality has no direct effect on WOM marketing communications. Service quality has direct effect on satisfaction, and satisfaction has direct effect on WOM. Another result is religiosity did not moderate the influence of satisfaction on WOM.

This article has been consisted on the basis of an ample interpretation of banking sector strategic planning that, along with the instruments and techniques from which it stems, constitutes the essential condition to operate in competitive markets. The concept of planning is examined in its stages, its importance and the benefits for the banking sector in implementing scheduling. The strategic plan model proposed here for the banking sector is examined in detail through the steps towards implementing a plan leading to business improvement.

The paper is about various approaches, which take into account the “World Trade” means Global relationships in between MDCs (more developed countries), and LDCs (less developed countries). Traditional economics (Neo- Classical Economics) debates that free trade in goods combined with free flow of capital will promote efficiency of resources between core and periphery, also improves long-run economic progress in latter. Therefore, the assimilation of less-developed countries into world economy invulnerable-trade and capital flow will par take positive effect. The assimilation in international trade is essential for dynamic development of both core and periphery countries. Because, several countries, which prevail in peripheries are rich in many aspects like labor, raw material, and production of primary products. Being rich in capital and industrialists, core countries provide labor and raw material to peripheries. In this way, the development in the world trade happens through assimilation of core to peripheries countries.

Oil and gas's businesses have important role in economy. Improving performance of oil and gas’s businesses were management target of those businesses and also the requirements of state management. This paper examines the factors that affect to oil and gas’s businesses, analyze trends impact of these factors on the efficiency. On that basis, the paper give policy implications for state management and corporate governance.

Organizational cynicism has become an issue that is being faced by members of an organization and needs investigation. The purpose of this study was to find out the significance of the relationship of organizational cynicism with employee’s performance. For this research the study population was employees of the teaching hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Wah Cantt, approximately 3500 individuals. Using purposive sampling technique a total of 280 questionnaires were distributed to get response of individuals. Out of the 280 questionnaires 65 were not returned, whereas 215 were received, out of which 15 were incompletely filled. Thus the overall response rate was 71.4%. SPSS 20 has been used for reliability, correlation and regression analysis. The overall results of the study revealed negative relationship of organizational cynicism with employee’s performance. Implication of the study and future research directions were given based on the findings of the study. The study is expected to have great deal of significance for organizations, managerial staff, employees and research scholars alike.

Urban infrastructure systems are the pillars and backbone of cities and play a pivotal role in any development such as mobility, lodging, energy, portable water, sanitation and communication. As far as, there would be no development without good quality and sufficient infrastructure. In between, transportation development as an important infrastructure has a high impact on urban economic and sustainability and this is the reason why transportation is a main concern of urban operators in the whole world. This paper is aimed at deeping our understanding on the functioning of competition in the public transportation industry and to evaluate its effectiveness on urban economics and management. Therefore, Mashhad public bus transportation system that includes both monopoly and competition markets in, is chosen to provide a conceptual framework to identify the best practices for provision of this specific public infrastructure. So the main question is what the role of private sectors is and what are the differences between these two kinds of markets? In response, I am going to compare costs and revenues of both private sector and current Mashhad bus transportation system in order to compare maximum efficiency and profits in competition circumstances.

In recent decades, heart disease has been identified as the leading cause of death across the world. However, it is considered as the most preventable and controllable disease at the same time. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the early and timely diagnosis of heart disease plays a remarkable role in preventing its progress and reducing related treatment costs. Considering the ever-increasing growth of heart disease-induced fatalities, researchers have adopted different data mining techniques to diagnose it. According to results, application of the same data mining techniques leads to different results in different datasets. This study tries to assist healthcare specialists to early diagnose heart disease and assess related risk factors. To this end, the main heart disease diagnosis indices were identified using experts’ opinions. Then, data mining techniques were applied on a heartrelated dataset. Finally, the main heart disease diagnosis indices were identified and a model was developed based on extracted rules. Visual Studio was used to write the algorithm code.