சிவில் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் பொறியியல் இதழ்

The cost of construction materials, as well as the natural resources needed to manufacture the materials in an enabling climate, is affecting the world's construction industry, which is expanding at an unprecedented pace. Plastic wastes are a significant environmental concern due to their widespread use, non-biodegradability, and contamination from incineration and landfill, recycling these wastes into tiles would be a significant benefit. This investigation's goal is to study the mechanical qualities of tiles made from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) wastes, fly ash, and river sand aggregates. PET wastes were added to other aggregates in various percentages of 100 percent, 90 percent, 70 percent, 50 percent, and 30 percent by weight. The assessment of physical and mechanical properties reveals that, in terms of material density, weight, and flammability resistance, the tiles containing 30% plastic waste outperforms the other proportion of waste. According to the results, this composite tile has a very low percent porosity value (2.9 - 0.11 percent) as compared to cement or ceramic tiles. In addition, the composite tile (PT1) with 30% PET and 35% fly ash and sand demonstrated decreased flammability with a linear burning rate of 7.68 mm/min and enhanced compressive strength of 11.07 N/ mm². There was no significant difference in weight after soaked in different acid and base solutions for seven days. Finally, as tile products, PET plastic tiles have good strength, chemical tolerance, low flammability, low water absorption, and are environmentally friendly. This possibility would not only reduce the cost of construction materials, but it would also serve as a waste diversion, reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste disposal.

Now-a-days as population is increasing day by day so there is need of more and more infrastructure. So concrete with reinforcement bar is used for this conventional construction as basic material for construction. As simply we cannot use concrete as it is weak in tension. But as now a days as waste containing majority of abandoned waste like mercury, plastic & paper from countries all over the world causes certain serious environmental problems and is increasing day by day which is becoming very hectic for us for disposal. So we can use these waste products as Reinforcement in concrete works. Paper reinforcement is a new construction technology made most often with waste paper, adhesives, Mercury. People can use it to build low cost homes without a clear understanding of its structural properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain some details of paper ore info to be used in construction.

The purpose of this review is to explore on Hyperloop technology as is used in railway transportation. For the many years’ railways have been playing a significant role in mass passenger and freight transport. In the modern daily travel environment (commuter), railways face new challenges from different perspectives. For example, urban railways always focus on how to minimize the vibration and noise from trams, subways and light rail vehicles on the environment. Intercity transport must focus on how to achieve higher speeds as well as eliminating noise and vibration so as to minimize travel time and even achieve the potential of diverting passengers from air traffic and decreasing exhaust pollution in the atmosphere. Lastly, urban transport and intercity transport must all develop strategies to achieve better economic values regardless of what type of transport is used. Facing future demands and challenges, hyper loop trains provide a new option. It provides contactless operation on wheel/rail systems.

The declining availability of fresh water has become a worldwide problem, which maintains the development of alternative, secondary quality water resources for agricultural use. Several studies recommend that give attention for selected crops that can tolerate a degree of water and salinity stresses when saline water is used for irrigation. In this study, the effects of different irrigation intervals at different salinity levels of irrigation water on Soybean yield and their impacts investigated using three irrigation intervals (I1 =3 days, I2=4 days and I3=5 days) with four salinity levels (S1=4 dSm-1, 5 dSm-1 and 6 dSm-1) in a factorial combination using CRD with three replications. The result showed that salinity, irrigation interval and their interaction were highly significance effects (p<0.001) on number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant and grain yield of Soybean. The highest number of pod number (88.33), grain yield (2.31 ton/ha) and number of seed per plant (172.33) was recorded from Soybean which was irrigated with the first salinity level, i.e., fresh water (S1) with irrigation interval one (3 days), S1I1; while the lowest pod number per plant (6.67), number of seed per plant (12.67) and minimum grin yield (0.034 ton/ha) was obtained from Soybean irrigated by salinity level four (S4) with 5 days irrigation interval (S4I3).

Ground improvement using PVDs or sand drains can significantly shorten the time for primary consolidation. In most cases, surcharge load is built over a period of time during which some consolidation occurs. In this study, a method is developed for the estimation of the coefficient of consolidation based on the degree of consolidation at the end of construction time for sand drain treated ground. The proposed method is used for the estimation of coefficient of consolidation for few test cases. Thus, it is possible to estimate the in situ coefficient of consolidation at early times from the observed time-settlement plots.