சிவில் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் பொறியியல் இதழ்

Burning fossil fuels has a significant effect on indoor air quality. In this study, the concentration of SO₂, NO_x, NO₂, NO, CO was measured in five houses at Isfahan focusing attention on kitchens as a source of indoor pollutants. Selected houses differed in terms of kitchen type and finish, presence or absence of a range hood, and type of stove heating. Samplings were done over three days at a fixed time window for each location. Results showed that in closed kitchens without a range hood, the 1-h concentration of pollutants was higher compared to kitchens having open and semi-open range hoods. Minimum pollutant levels were seen for kitchens using an electric stove with a range hood.

This paper presents the influence of differential settlement analysis for the single and multi-combined longitudinal precast box culvert subject to loading conditions and deferential settlement. These precast box culvert was investigated with limit deformation for single and multi-box culvert which is connected using screw bolt formed a rigid and flexible connection in a certain non-uniform settlement interval. Farther over, the finite element method was used to analyze the numerical solution of the problems under the condition of assembled of the standard three dimensional double box culvert with soil mass and floor reaction under different loading conditions located on right side soil of box culvert which is using brick element in ABAQUS software. The culvert was modeled as per Chinese Code of standard parameters using three dimensional solid elements having geometric and material non-linearity. Finally, the deformation foundation resistance of the box culvert is the space between the multi-box culvert joint and the single box culvert length. Besides the screw bolt connection have a negative impact on the performance of the side wall of combined longitudinal box culvert.

Water quality in Nhue River has been degraded to alarming level, which had some dead parts. Applying MIKE which is a modeling tool for upstream water quality assessment in Nhue River is feasible and reliable. The tool not only simulates results but also helps users assess scenarios and select suitable the scenarios for decision making. In the scenario 1, the water of Nhue River would be polluted more seriously than 2020 and later years because of untreated waste water and fast growth of population and socio-economy. Therefore, the scenario 1 is not suitable for future management planning. In the scenario 2, if 40% of waste stream was treated and the concentration of pollutant in the stream reduced as national regulation, the water quality in Nhue River would continue to decrease slowly but the concentration of pollutants in 2010 would not be slightly different to the figure for 2012. The scenario 2 could be applied in a short-term plan of improving water quality in Nhue River. In the scenario 3, if the waste stream was treated perfectly before discharging into the river, the water quality would improve significantly and no longer be heavy pollution which means that most parameters for water quality would lower than those in 08/2008 regulation. Therefore, the scenario 3 was an optimal scenario for decision makers in management levels.

In November 2015, the Government of Alberta proposed the Climate Leadership Plan (CLP). It aims to reduce carbon emissions while diversifying Alberta’s economy and protecting the health and the environment. In this research, the possibility of the contribution of CLP and using Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) in different biomass concentration to sequester CO₂ in the domestic wastewater effluent as the Medium is assessed. Wastewater is an appropriate, renewable, economical medium, which contains enough nutrients. After cultivation of stock solution to 5% (v/v) CO₂ the CO₂ sequestration rate by C. vulgaris was measured in the presence of 20% (v/v) CO₂ in the total volume of photobioreactor headspace. C. vulgaris illustrated the ability of fixation of 20% CO₂ in the total gas volume of the photobioreactor headspace in optimal physical conditions in 35 hours. The CO₂ fixation rate was higher in the middle and end of the exponential growth phase compared to other growth phases.

This research aims to assess and then compare the high-temperature rendering of tafpack super, tire rubber, and Polypropylene. Dynamic shear rheometer experiment out righted to mensuration linear viscoelasticity areas of the modified bitumen at 58-88°C. Additionally, the modified asphalt mixture's rutting depth is measured in millimeters using the wheel tracking test. Finally, the rheological features of the improved asphalt were contrasted together with each other as well as with the perspicuous asphalt. Conclusions manifested that the tire rubber modifier has more excellent characteristics in high temperatures and less rutting depth than poth polypropylene as well tafpack super.

The high cost of cement and its greenhouse effect on the environment have led to the use of alternative building materials in the production of block and bricks. This study seeks to investigate the properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with clay pozzolana. CEBs of size 290 × 140 × 100 mm were prepared with 0, 10, 20 and 30% weight of clay pozzolana. The CEBs were compressed at a constant pressure of 5 MPa and cured. The blocks, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing were tested for density, water absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength and erosion resistance. It was found that the pozzolana content slightly improved the blocks’ density. There was increase water absorption resistance of the stabilized blocks between 32.8% and 252% over the unstabilised blocks. The 30% pozzolana content block specimens gained 116.8% compressive strength and 62.1% tensile strength over the unstabilised blocks. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the erosion resistance between the stabilized blocks and the unstabilised blocks. The study concludes that the inclusion of the clay pozzolana generally improved the properties of the CEBs, and therefore recommended it for use in the building of low-rise houses.