தொலைத்தொடர்பு அமைப்பு மற்றும் மேலாண்மை

The huge demand for wireless data transmission is never met. Many generation of mobile communication systems have been stepped over and some of the main challenges that need to be address are yet unsolved. Increasing demand for large area coverage, over one Trillion of mobile user equipments (UEs) capacity, high data rate, low latency, high quality of service and low energy consumption are the target for the future technology. This paper presents overview of previous wireless technologies and today wireless communication network. And due to exponential increase in the demand of present UEs there is needed to move beyond 4G as the theoretical 4G specifications have been reached. The paper addressed challenges that will be encountered by future wireless communication, proposed techniques and the promising imaginations of the future 5G for 2020 and beyond.

Broadband internet has provided a way for people to connect across the country in almost real time. People have started hosting servers and media so they can access their files anywhere. They have also given access to friends who may use their servers to stream files. The rise of broadband internet has also revived the videogame industry and has opened the door to new possibilities. Broadband internet has allowed gamers to connect and play with people all over the globe. The boon of broadband internet has also led to an increase in competitive gaming. Competitive gaming requires minimal lag time, minimum drops, and very low latency to provide a robust experience. Schools and businesses have tapped into the power of broadband internet by creating WANs and hosting their own servers and services. Building a network to provide internet services to these customers is a large and complex endeavor. Similar to a campus LAN or building LAN the telecommunication service provider must be wary of the cost of providing the services. Similar to data center network, the company will need to handle obstacles like collocation and bandwidth utilization. This paper will explore how telecommunication companies can better serve customers like the video game industry and LAN administrators, through a range of technologies and services. This paper will look at MPLS, VPLS, DWDM, and BGP technologies to see how the telecommunication companies can use them to increase customer satisfaction without straining the company’s network. This paper will compare and contrast different protocols, technologies, and design modules to aid in determining what will be the best fit for the company.

Technology is grooming in all discipline lead to the development of automation in various domains. Incorporating automation in various devices will make the device to work smart. Though this automation does not conquer the automobile industry fully, it made vehicles as semi-automated by employing route navigation facility methods to avoid front end and rear end collision, etc. The evolution of automation in the automotive domain has paved the way for the improvisation in that sector. Though the existing methodology has proved to be working smoothly, it encounters few limitations in turns of accuracy, traffic/congestion monitoring etc. The proposed Smart Traffic support System (STS) improves the accuracy of the above mentioned parameters by integrating the advantages of both ad-hoc network and the cellular communication. The inclusion of real time path planning algorithm will provide an enhanced traffic management by suggesting various alternative paths instead of one.

Interference in femtocells due to neighboring femtocells and macrocells is one of the major issues. Handover should be made to reduce interference, if and only if, when resources are available. Otherwise, it will further degrade network performance. Resource management should be made in an efficient manner that will not cause interference between macrocells and neighboring femtocells. Since distance between macro base station (MBS) and Femto Access Point (FAP) is short, therefore, it is very hard to sustain low handover probability when macro user (MUE) moves from MBS to FAP. We proposed handover algorithm for uplink co-channel interference mitigation that will make decision of handover on the basis of time-to-stay (TTS) and Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) thresholds along with efficient resource management mechanism to reduce number of handovers and also resolve interference problem.

We have more innovation on Ethernet wireless links nowadays. The introduction of the E-band and V-Band provide more spectral capacity to build microwave links with high throughput. That is done with Ethernet and MPLS in a microwave technology. In this paper we describe the evolution, application and best opportunities to use microwave in E-band frequency for the 2G/3G/4G/5G mobile networks, for fiber backup links, enterprise networks and VIP lines. We present the air link capacity, the layer 2 throughput with and without IFG and preambule suppression. The results by simulations prove the possibility to have with one channel, an air link capacity of 986 Mbps in the E-band frequency with 99.999% annual availability for path length range 0.89 km to 1.62 km in West Africa.