கால்நடை அறிவியல் & தொழில்நுட்பம்

Emerging food borne pathogens are significant causes of morbidity and mortality both in developing nations as well as developed. Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial food borne diarrheal disease and distributed all over the world. Campylobacteriosis is a collective description for infectious diseases caused by members of the bacterial genus Campylobacter. The only form of Campylobacteriosis of major public health importance is Campylobacter enteritis due to C. jejuni and C. coli. Research and control efforts on the disease have been conducted more often in developed countries than developing countries. However, because of the increasing incidence, expanding spectrum of infections, potential of HIV related deaths due to Campylobacter, epidemiological data suggest that Campylobacter remains a worldwide leading cause of gastrointestinal infections. Improperly prepared meat products, unpasteurized milk as well as non-chlorinated drinking water were shown to be the main sources of Campylobacteriosis. National surveillance programs and international collaborations are needed to address the substantial gaps in the knowledge about the epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis in developing countries. The aim of this review paper is to assess the global and national epidemiology and public health significance of Campylobacter with emphasis on the prevention and control options in developing countries following the experience of developed countries.

Genital ulceration disease in olive baboon (Papio anubis) caused by Treponema Pallidum, the disease causes moderate to severe genital ulceration in the population of an olive baboon. The study on the association between genital ulceration and body condition of olive baboons was conducted in the Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania. The study investigated the body condition of affected and non-affected olive baboons across an observation of 599 and reveals the proportion of affected and non-affected in the surveyed population. A pair of binoculars (10 x 50) were used whenever the located individual was observed healthy or with a clinical sign.

QGIS version 3.1 was used to map baboon distribution in the study area. R-studio version 2.3.1 was used to test the association between body condition and affected olive baboon. Results revealed that a total number of 104 individuals, 56 males 47 females were affected. Results also indicated that there is a positive association between the body condition and the affected baboon, R=0.23, while there is a negative association on non-affected individuals’ correlation R=-0.45.

The proportion shows significant variation between affected and non-affected individuals, χ²=53.772, df=17, P=0.001. On the other hand, the affected baboons revealed more emaciation, alopecia hand, rough hair signs compared to non-affected individuals. The most affected sex was female however there is no significant variation of sex in affected individuals χ²=65.03, df=51, P= 0.08941. It is concluded that Treponema pallidum infection with genital lesion associated with body condition is common in baboons of Lake the Manyara National Park.