கால்நடை அறிவியல் & தொழில்நுட்பம்

In Benin, abortion significantly affects the productivity of small ruminant herds. This study assessed the impact of Chlamydia abortus on hematological and biochemical parameters in infected small ruminants in Plateau department. Blood samples from 25 infected sheep and goats across five districts were analyzed. The results showed a marked decrease in red blood cells, particularly hematocrit levels (22.7 ± 4 in Sakété). Animals under two years old also exhibited a significant drop in hematocrit levels (23.2 ± 2.9). In the white blood cell lineage, there was a substantial decrease in neutrophils (22.8 ± 2.4 in Ifangni), lymphocytes (39.0 ± 4.8 in Kétou), and an increase in monocytes (7.3 ± 2.1 in Pobè) and basophils (4.0 ± 1.8 in Adja-Ouèrè). Among animals under two years old and those that had aborted once, only lymphocyte levels showed a significant decrease (38.2 ± 5.5* and 38.9 ± 5.3* respectively). Biochemical analysis indicated elevated globulin levels (6.0 ± 1.6 in Kétou) and total protein (8.7 ± 1.5 in Pobè, 8.8 ± 3.0 in Kétou), while total protein and albumin levels decreased in Ifangni (4.4 ± 2.1) and Adja-Ouèrè (1.9 ± 0.2). Increased total protein levels were noted in animals under two years old (8.2 ± 3.3) and those that had aborted (8.5 ± 3.0). Hepatic profiles showed increased total bilirubin in Pobè. Ionic profile results revealed decreased calcium (8.5 ± 1.3) and sodium (134.2 ± 5.6) in Adja-Ouèrè, with increased phosphorus (6.2 ± 2.8 in Ifangni, 5.3 ± 1.8 in Sakété) and magnesium (2.9 ± 0.2 in Ifangni) levels. The study concludes that infection in these animals leads to hypochromic anemia, renal function disruption, and phospho-calcic metabolism imbalance, evident from the low red and white blood cell parameters, and altered biochemical and ionic profiles.

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is a significant public health concern in Ethiopia due to its high prevalence and associated risk factors. Exploring the mechanism in the causal pathway how risk factors affect T. gondii is paramount important to develop targeted, population specific public health interventions to reduce the burden of Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the community. Hence, this study aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors and their contribution for development for T. gondii among pregnant women attending at Central Gondar Zone Public Hospitals.

Methods: A cross sectional study conducted questioner survey was conducted using questions based on the framework to confirm how the disease is transmitted. A set of rating scale questions was used to measure each model construct. Data was collected using a semi-structured Amharic version questioner. Total of 554 study pregnant women participated in this study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) used to explore the mechanism how risk factors affect T. gondii using AMOS-version 18. Data entered into SPSS-2020. Each parameter's Cornbrash's alpha was assessed using the average inter-item correlations. The path coefficient used to estimate the coefficient.

Results: The SEM analysis showed that the proposed model was appropriate and the data fit reasonably well (χ²=131.493, RMSEA=0.176, CFI=0.866, TLI=0.139, IFI=0.871, NFI=0.865, Degrees of freedom=7). The risk factors suggested that both education and residence were associated with increased exposure to cat faeces. Residence was also found to be positively correlated with dust exposure. However, there was an inverse association between education and dog contact. The regression investigation revealed statistically significant associations between residence, dust exposure, and water-related.

Conclusion: The model demonstrates a reasonable fit, suggesting regular awareness creation for toxoplasmosis management techniques, providing baseline information for control and prevention strategies, and improving toxoplasmosis knowledge and epidemiology.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella is most important food borne zoonotic pathogens causing gastro enteritis both in developed and developing countries of the world. They represent an important human and animal pathogen worldwide. A cross sectional study was conducted to isolate Nontyphoidal salmonella from goat feaces at Haramaya district, specifically Becheke and Ifa Bate peasant associations. A total of 126 feacal sampe was directly collected from rectum and processed in laboratory based on protocol recommended by the International Standardization Organization designed for isolation of salmonella (ISO-6579, 2002) with some modifications. Out of the total 126 goat faecal samples examined, 4(3.2%) was detected to be positive. The prevalence was slightly higher in Ifa Bate (4.9%) than 1(1.5%), Becheke with no significant difference in the prevalence. The prevalence of salmonella was also found to be higher in young goats 1(8.3%), followed by old 2(5.3%) and adult 1(1.3%) goats with no significant statistical association between the age groups. The prevalence of salmonella was also found to be slightly higher in female goats. Since there were no previous study in the area, this study indicate that the necessity of a further Investigation on the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility and Epidemiology of non-typhoid salmonella from goat feces.