Malihe Moradzadeh, Alijan Tabarraei and Hamid R. Sadeghnia,
Histone acetylases [HAT] and histone deacetylases [HDACs] are responsible for the addition and removal of acetyl-groups to or from specific lysine residues located within histone tails and a number of non-histone proteins. HDACs, as one of the epigenetic mechanisms, play a central role in the regulation of cellular properties that related to development and progression of cancer. Recently, researches began to focus on the expression patterns of HDAC isoforms as a biomarker in cancer. It could be used to find new agents that are very effective in inducing apoptosis, differentiation, and/or cell growth arrest in neoplasia. Approximately, all of studies showed HDAC expression level differ in human tumors. For example, in most tumor entities class I HDAC expression was higher in late stage, high-grade tumors with strong proliferative activity and Class II HDACs down regulated in human tumors and high expression in some tumors was linked to a better prognosis. Thus, this factor allowed to opens new possibilities for a molecularly targeted approach to treatment.
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