அசாதாரண மற்றும் நடத்தை உளவியல்

Taking care of pets is a phenomenon which has increased during the last decade in Iran, which can be due to the personality traits and psychological characteristics of people, and it can affect the psychological welfare of those people. Accordingly, the current study tries to compare the personality traits and psychological welfare of pet owners and ordinary people. The study uses a causative comparative method and the statistical population of the study includes all the pet owners visiting veterinary clinics of Kerman city and ordinary people living in Kerman city within the age range of 18 to 45 years from August, 2021 to February, 2022. 420 participants (210 participants for each group) were selected using convenient sampling method as the sample of the study. In order to gather the required data, two questionnaires including psychological welfare questionnaire (RSPWB) and Neo’s five-factor questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software application and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test). The results of the study show that the level of neuroticism and openness was higher among pet owners compared to ordinary people; however, the levels of extroversion, compatibility, and responsibility were higher among ordinary individuals compared to pet owners. Moreover, the psychological welfare and its components, including self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, control over the environment, and purposeful life were higher among ordinary people than the pet owners.

Introduction: Domestic violence is a significant problem that demands research and intervention. In many Arab societies, domestic violence has expanded to be a common occurrence. The study aims to identify the most prevalent forms of domestic violence and their impact on middle school student's academic achievement.

Methods: A descriptive correlational study used a cross-sectional study design has been used through a questionnaire that was distributed among 597 middle school students from eighteen schools in Kirkuk, Iraq, conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. Excellent internal consistency reliability was shown by the instrument (Cronbach's alpha=0.91). To choose schools and subsequently classes, the researchers applied the stratified random sampling technique.

Results: Findings revealed that (43%) had ever been the victim of domestic violence, whereas (57%) had never experienced violence of those, 56.6% had experienced verbal violence, 25% had experienced psychological violence and 18.4% had experienced physical violence. The findings show that females (54.7%) are more likely than men (45.3%) to be subjected to violence. The amount of domestic violence used against students, particularly physical violence was significantly influenced by the family's monthly income at (P-value=0.003) and the parent's education levels at (P-value=0.001). 68% of battered students performed poorly academically. The study's findings show domestic violence impacts students' ability to pay attention and concentrate in class.

Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a moderate prevalence of domestic violence among middle school students. Experiencing any domestic violence, especially psychological violence, impacts class participation, school attendance and academic achievement.