வேதியியல் அறிவியல் இதழ்

The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that continues to captivate scientists and researchers around the world. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of the brain, there are still many mysteries that surround the intricacies of its functioning. Neurobiology, the study of the nervous system, has witnessed tremendous progress in recent years, with chemical biology emerging as a powerful tool to unravel the molecular underpinnings of the mind. This article delves into the realm of chemical biology and its vital role in uncovering the molecular mysteries of the mind. The chemistry of the brain is a fascinating and intricate subject that involves the study of various molecules, neurotransmitters and chemical reactions that contribute to the functioning of the central nervous system. Understanding the chemistry of the brain is crucial for unraveling its mysteries, including cognition, emotion, behavior and the development of neurological disorders. This article provides an overview of the key components and processes that make up the chemistry of the brain.

Access to clean and safe water is a fundamental necessity for human well-being and sustainable development. However, the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and the growing threat of water pollution have made the effective treatment of water a pressing global challenge. In the pursuit of sustainable water treatment solutions, catalysts have emerged as crucial components in driving transformative change. This article delves into the significant role of catalysts in sustainable water treatment technologies, highlighting their potential to revolutionize water purification and foster a more environmentally friendly approach. Water scarcity and the need for sustainable water treatment solutions have led to significant advancements in membrane technologies. Membrane filtration processes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF), offer effective means of purifying water from various sources. To further enhance the performance and sustainability of membrane-based water treatment, the integration of advanced catalysts has emerged as a promising approach. This article explores the crucial role of catalysts in enabling advanced membrane technologies, revolutionizing water treatment processes and addressing pressing global water challenges.

Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining our overall health and well-being. It provides the necessary building blocks for our bodies to function properly and supports various biochemical processes. Behind the scenes, intricate chemical reactions take place, converting food into energy and essential molecules that our bodies need. Understanding the chemistry of nutrition can help us make informed choices about what we eat and how it affects our health. Our bodies are intricate systems composed of trillions of cells working together to support life. To maintain the health and proper functioning of these cells, we require specific nutrients known as the building blocks for our bodies. These essential substances provide the necessary components for growth, repair and various biochemical processes. Understanding these building blocks can help us make informed choices about our diet and overall well-being.

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of our time. As the Earth's average temperature continues to rise, scientists are working tirelessly to understand the complex mechanisms behind this phenomenon. At the heart of this scientific exploration lies the study of the chemistry behind climate change, particularly the role of greenhouse gases in driving global warming. In this article, we delve into the chemistry of greenhouse gases, their impact on our planet's climate and the urgent need for collective action. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) are naturally occurring and anthropogenic compounds that play a critical role in Earth's climate system. They act like a blanket, trapping heat in the atmosphere and regulating the planet's temperature. While some greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, occur naturally, others are primarily generated through human activities, such as industrial processes and the burning of fossil fuels.

As the world grapples with the pressing challenges of climate change, pollution and resource depletion, the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions becomes more critical than ever. Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, has emerged as a promising field that aims to design chemical processes and products that minimize their environmental impact while maximizing efficiency. Through innovations in green chemistry, scientists and engineers are revolutionizing industries and paving the way for a more sustainable future. Green chemistry is a holistic approach that aims to minimize or eliminate hazardous substances throughout the entire lifecycle of a chemical process or product. It emphasizes the design of safer chemicals, the development of energy-efficient processes and the reduction of waste generation. By integrating the principles of green chemistry, industries can achieve both economic success and environmental stewardship.

The field of biochemistry has been instrumental in unlocking the secrets of life, revealing the intricate processes that govern the functioning of living organisms. One of the fundamental concepts in biochemistry is the central dogma, which outlines the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Understanding this dogma is essential for comprehending the complex mechanisms behind life itself. The central dogma of biochemistry can be summarized in three key steps: DNA replication, transcription and translation. Each of these processes plays a crucial role in ensuring the accurate transmission and utilization of genetic information. The central dogma remains a cornerstone of biochemistry, guiding our exploration of life's most fundamental processes.

The modern world is driven by advancements in science, medicine and personal care. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have become an integral part of our daily lives, offering numerous benefits in terms of health and hygiene. However, as we reap the benefits of these products, we must also acknowledge the potential consequences they pose to the environment. The presence of PPCPs in our ecosystems has raised concerns regarding their impact on aquatic life, human health and the overall ecological balance. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a diverse group of substances that are used for medicinal purposes, personal hygiene,\ and cosmetic enhancement. They encompass a wide range of products, including prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, fragrances, cosmetics, shampoos, soaps and other personal care items.

The global demand for energy is continuously increasing and with it comes the urgent need for cleaner and more sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources such as sunlight and biomass have emerged as promising solutions, offering a cleaner future for our planet. Catalysis, a fundamental chemical process, plays a crucial role in converting these abundant resources into usable forms, powering a sustainable energy revolution. The sun is an abundant source of energy, radiating vast amounts of sunlight onto the Earth every day. Harnessing sunlight as a renewable energy resource has gained significant attention in recent years and catalysis plays a crucial role in converting sunlight into usable forms of energy. This article explores the concept of sunlight as a catalyst in renewable energy systems and highlights its potential for a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Biological pathways are intricate networks of molecular interactions that govern various cellular processes, including metabolism, signal transduction and gene regulation. These pathways play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and orchestrating the functions of living organisms. In the field of chemical genetics, understanding and manipulating these biological pathways is essential for unraveling insights and discovering potential therapeutic targets. In the quest to understand the complex mechanisms underlying biological processes, scientists have devised various methods and tools to investigate the intricate pathways that govern life. One powerful approach that has emerged in recent years is chemical genetics, a discipline that combines the principles of chemistry and genetics to unravel insights into biological systems. By manipulating and studying the effects of small molecules on living organisms, chemical genetics provides a valuable tool for probing the intricate pathways of life.

The discovery of DNA as the hereditary material of life revolutionized our understanding of genetics and paved the way for modern molecular biology. However, the true complexity of the cellular machinery lies beyond the blueprint encoded in DNA. Another critical molecule, RNA (ribonucleic acid), acts as an intermediary, translating the genetic information into functional molecules and orchestrating various cellular processes. In recent years, the field of chemical biology has delved into the intricate world of RNA, deciphering its language and unraveling its diverse roles in the cell. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a versatile and enigmatic molecule that holds the key to understanding the inner workings of the cell. It acts as a messenger, transmitting genetic information from DNA to produce proteins and perform various vital cellular functions. Deciphering RNA involves unraveling its structure, function and regulatory mechanisms, which have captivated scientists for decades and continue to be a focal point of research in molecular biology and genetics.

Effect of metallic deposited nanoparticles on screen printed carbon with tetrathiafulvalene incorporated ink, was tested by three electrochemical procedures. First one electrodeposition at constant potential and two cyclic voltammetry procedures that applied changes in step potential, scan rate and delay time. X-rays Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electronic and Atomic Force Microscopy (SEM) and (AFM) respectively were performed and metallic nanoparticles deposits were characterized through their SEM images. XRF provide metal percentage deposited by electrochemical procedures. AFM parameters let to know electrodes modi ied surface characteristics. Nanoparticles electrochemically deposited electrodes were modi ied with superoxide dismutase enzyme and tested on epinephrine biosensor amperometric calibration curves. Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs) modi ied electrodes nature surpasses AFM surface parameters. There is correlation between low AFM parameters and high slope epinephrine calibration curve excepting PtNPs case. Nanoparticles of platinum deposited by cyclic voltammetry procedure 1 showed higher epinephrine slope calibration curve than the others nanoparticles deposited by constant potential and cyclic voltammetry procedure. Higher linearity and stability was showed for PtNPs performed cyclic voltametry procedure; this one was selected to validation of biosensor. Developed biosensor showed reproducibility of 2.9% and detection limit of 22.8 μm. Biosensor analysis of epinephrine pharmaceutical injection was 103.1% with RSD 5.4%.