ஜர்னல் ஆஃப் மாலிகுலர் ஹிஸ்டாலஜி & மெடிக்கல் பிசியாலஜி

Smooth muscle is a kind of tissue that is present in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, uterus, and intestines. Additionally, smooth muscle is present in the walls of arteries and veins in the cardiovascular system. The urinary, pulmonary, and reproductive tracts all contain this kind of involuntary non-striated muscle. Additionally, smooth muscle can be found in the eyes, where it alters the shape and size of the lens and iris. Additionally, the skin has smooth muscle, which enables hair to stand up in response to cold or fear.

A recent development in pathology is tissue microarray. A microarray enables high throughput analysis of multiple specimens at once because it contains numerous small representative tissue samples from hundreds of distinct instances combined on a single histologic slide. Tissue microarrays are paraffin blocks created by re-embedding cylindrical tissue cores at predetermined array coordinates into a single recipient (microarray) block from various paraffin donor blocks. This method enables the arraying of up to 1000 tissue samples or more into a single paraffin block. On a single glass slide, it can allow simultaneous study of molecular targets at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels under the same, uniform circumstances, as well as maximise the preservation and utilisation of finite and priceless archival tissue samples. This adaptable method, which automates data processing, makes it easier to conduct both retrospective and prospective human tissue investigations. It has a variety of potential uses in fundamental research, prognostic oncology, and drug discovery. It is a useful and efficient technique for high-throughput molecular analysis of tissues that is assisting in the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic markers and targets in human cancers. The pros, uses, and restrictions of tissue microarray fabrication and sectioning are outlined in this article.

The goal of this study was to evaluate both historical and contemporary literature reviews as well as case studies in order to inform how histological stains have changed in the modern period. The results of the literature research showed that histopathology and histotechnology in terms of stains utilised have improved. There has been an increasing demand for staining techniques that are accurate, effective, and simple. Many staining techniques have been supplanted by new immunostaining, molecular, non-culture, and other advanced staining techniques, but many others are still in use today. Because the necessary chemicals have been shown by science to be harmful, some staining techniques have been abandoned. The case studies showed that current histology uses a combination of many stain procedures to increase the staining process' efficacy. In order to increase their efficiency, better histology stains have been changed and mixed with other stains.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy that affects a large percentage of people; at the time of diagnosis, 50% of cases already had distant metastases, and most patients are male. This study evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics and metastatic patterns of male (MEC) and female (FEC) EC (FEC). Additionally, risk factors related to the prognosis for MEC were looked at. The database for Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results served as the study's population. To evaluate MEC characteristics and variables associated with prognosis, the descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression model were applied.

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue comparable to the tissue that typically lines the interior of the uterus-the endometrium-grows outside the uterus. This case report focuses new investigations in small intestinal endometriosis. A 41-year-old woman's primary complaint when she went to the emergency room was stomach pain. The patient had been experiencing stomach pain for about two months, and it was getting worse in her right lower abdomen. Based on a physical examination, pertinent laboratory findings, and radiographic tests, the ED doctor made the clinical diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction. An abdominal X-ray and a CT scan of her abdomen and pelvis, which are the two most significant radiological tests, both showed brief segments of a thickened small intestine wall and dilated bowel loops, which were consistent with a clinical diagnosis of small bowel obstruction.