ஜர்னல் ஆஃப் ஆன்காலஜி மொழிபெயர்ப்பு ஆராய்ச்சி

Cord blood transfusion can reduce costs in terms of reduced inpatient times, faster recovery and a reduction in hospital based deaths for patients suffering trauma, acute, chronic and terminal illness and those requiring blood transfusion during and following major surgery.

Cord blood contains three critical substances which make it much more effective as a transfusion product than donated adult blood, these are:

• Fetal haemoglobin in the red cells meaning that cord blood can carry more oxygen than donated adult blood and that a recipient of a cord blood transfusion has higher oxygenation rates. This could be critical in severe illness, trauma or during and after surgery

• Cytokines (proteins) which are not present in donated adult blood. These can down regulate pathological processes in trauma and disease and promote faster recovery rates

• Stem cells which may help to repair damaged tissue in trauma and disease

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common type of knee degenerative arthritis, is the gradual loss of cartilage in the knee joint. A progression that leads to bone rubbing on bone causing functional di�?culties, pain, and sti�?ness. Studies have shown stem cells contribute to a reduction of in�?ammation and pain associated with OA. This retrospective study collects data from patients who received autologous stem cell injections of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and/or adipose tissue (FAT).

Some orthopedic problems still have no curative treatment that challenges the treating doctors all around the world. All what can offer for patients depend on postponing the surgery or modification of the symptoms. Regenerative treatment aims to regenerate and rebuild the injured tissues instead of replacing them. It depends on the using stem cells in treatment because of their characteristics of duplicating and differentiating to other tissues. From this point, sources of stem cells were investigated and researched and comparison of sources clarify that adipose derived stem cells were the most convenient and reliable source to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues, especially the cartilages and bones. Adipose derived stem cells distinguished from other sources of stem cells by its easy and relatively safe way of extraction concurrently it is the richest source according to the available high quantity of fat in adult’s body.

Sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the condition when the serum thyrotropin (TSH) level and normal serum thyroxine (T4) level has elevated. The most common congenital endocrine disorder is the congenital hypothyroidism (CH) which is considered major cause of mental retardation and body growth disorder. This retrospective study was performed on all 18 neonates, who were born during years 2014 and 2015. The infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can be accurately diagnosed with laboratory tests performed at Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) during the last five years. The data along with detailed history were collected with the help of clinicians in Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) and entered in the Performa.  TSH levels going from 0.27-4.2µIU/ ml was reflected as normal for the diagnosis in thyroid function tests (TFTs). Thyroid scan, physical examination and ultrasound examination are the techniques that were used for evaluation of thyroid function tests (TFTs). These have estimated through various statistical techniques permissible to explore thyroid dysfunctioning. The diagnostic evaluation relating to functional and morphological characterization has examined through serum TSH concentration and imaging. The results have determined non-significant difference between congenital hypothyroids and control infants. The study has concluded that the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism is dependent on the higher concentration.

Introduction:

Haplo Identical Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) procedure in some countries is still considered experimental and performed only as part of research studies because it presents with a number of complications during and after the transplant, ranging from the high risk for infections, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Graft failure, Nutrition problems, Low blood counts, dermatological challenges, Social and emotional concerns and others. The number of haplo identical SCT procedures nonetheless, continues to rise as parents in many African countries seek treatment for the increasing diagnosis of sickle cell disease among children.

Parents as caregivers for their Post- Haplo identical SCT children are destined to face greater number of challenges with which there is perhaps little research on such shared experiences.

This article intends to further the understanding and knowledge of the care giving aspects through a 2 year care giving experience for a nine year old female child Post Haplo-identical SCT, by a family living in Rwanda.

Regenerative therapy with stem cells has gained tremendous momentum over the past decade as a modality geared towards markedly improving wound healing of various tissues by utilizing undifferentiated autologous host cells.  While stem cells may be isolated from various locations in the human body, more recently it has been shown that low levels of mesenchymal stem cells also exist circulating within peripheral blood. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a regenerative modality that utilizes peripheral blood + centrifugation protocols without the use of anti-coagulants to create a three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffold containing both growth factors and autologous cells. Very recently, it has been shown that modifications to centrifugation speed and time following recently developed concepts (the low-speed centrifugation concept or LSCC) resulted in a marked increase in host cells and growth factors. Within these scaffold constructs, mesenchymal stems cells were also found following collection with this relatively painless and low-cost modality. The objective of the present talk will be to present recent modifications to centrifugation speed and time to optimize stem cell quantities within PRF. Thereafter, the biological data supporting their numbers, as well as their potential for clinical applications will be presented with data coming from many fields and especially in orthopaedics for osteoarthritic knees. 

Studies on genotoxic assessments by lymphocyte cultures on 600 persons exposed to MIC gas and various control subjects and family members in Bhopal had also established that chromosomal damages have been installed among seriously exposed persons. This was a remarkable find to record in slides from lymphocyte cultures of exposed persons and confirm the presence of chromatin marker dots which were seen emanating from specific chromosomes (2). Obviosly this becomes imperative to reemphasize that these chromatin dots seen emanating from chromosomes are decidedly early indicators of chromosomal mutagenesis. We have confirmed by G, and C banding as well as by Feulgen’s staining and fluorescence procedures that these are chromatin bodies found in patients of cancers (bone, breast, lung and colon in particular) and sometimes in a few of their family members (3). Family members prone to cancer were found to exhibit marker dots and developed clinical signs of cancer after 03 to 05 years after our report. Marker dots measuring 2-to-3 micron emanate from different chromosome in several metaphases in preparations from cancer patients obviously, it appears that the molecular attenuation of chromatin structures movable from chromosomes is related with triggering neoplastic transformations (4).

Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Transplantation was introduced over 30 years ago as a curative therapeutic treatment. The availability of banked UCB has extended the option of allogeneic transplantation to patients without alternative curative options such as bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood from an HLA – matched donor. More than 30000 UCB transplants have been performed worldwide in pediatric and adult patients. In 1982, Dr. Hal Broxmeyer, became interested in UCB as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). He was the first to analyze systematically the number of HSC in CB for hematopoietic reconstitution in humans. Advances in umbilical cord blood therapeutics show significant progress since the first transplant in 1988 involving a patient with Fanconi Anemia, performed by Dr. E. Gluckman. Cord Blood Banks currently store more than 1,300,000 units worldwide. UCB as an alternative source of stem cells can provide several important advantages including the absence of risks for donors, availability for immediate access and use, minimal cell manipulation and reduced ethical issues raised by the general public. The use of UCB provides viable options for patients with malignant conditions, hemoglobinopathies, metabolic disorders, immune deficiencies and regenerative applications. New concepts as Adoptive Immunotherapy after CBT, Pre implantation Genetic Diagnosis, Exvivo Expansion of Cord Blood Stem Cells, Co – transplantation of cord blood units and Mobilized stem cells from a third party donor, Cord blood is a unique biological resource for Hematopoietic Transplantation, Regenerative Medicine and Scientific Research. There is a need for increasing the number of units stored

This is a research innovation that aims to provide an additional therapeutic tool. It will open up a vast panorama of regenerative medicine by application of adipose derived Mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). ADMSCs are selected on account of the large amount available for lipoaspiration and a larger percentage (30%) of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtainable there from. The applications in clinical practice extend across mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm layers.

There are three products that can be derived from the lipoaspirate.

They are (1) stromal vascular fraction (SVF), (2) islet cell aggregates (ICAs) translated from ADMSCs, (3) and ADMSCs with ~95% purity. They are deployed to illustrate the safety and efficacy in clinical trials for (1) mesoderm translation as in osteoarthritis knee, (2) endoderm translation to insulin-producing cells as applicable to diabetes, and (3) ectodermal translation as applicable in retinal blindness as well as in nonhealing indolent ulcers on the skin.

All three products are found safe with no adverse side effects. Proof of concept studies along with initial clinical trials for osteoarthritis, diabetes types I and II, retinal blindness, and nonhealing ulcer of any aetiology have been conducted.

 Autologous SVF and ADMSCs are in futuristic domain for conducting clinical trials across all the three germinal layers.

The accomplishment of 14th World Congress on Stem Cell Research, Cell and Gene Therapy well organized by Conference Series Llc Ltd that was apprehended during Oct 30, 2020 was a phenomenal standard. Taking present pandemic into consideration account the conference was made available to everyone online. Considerable number of partakers from around the world participated and given their best in the webinar on diverse sessions.

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Aim: The meeting interests to pass on by and large primary instructional researchers, analysts and studies students to exchange and rate their investigations and studies outcomes on all components of Clinical Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Health Research. It furthermore presents a most helpful interdisciplinary stage for scientists, experts and teachers to offer and talk the greatest flow advancements, patterns, and stresses notwithstanding practical requesting circumstances experienced and answers followed inside the fields of Hematology and Health Research.