திசு அறிவியல் மற்றும் பொறியியல் இதழ்

Metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures are of keen interest to the researchers as they exhibit multifunctional properties compared to their bulk counterpart. Amongst several metal-oxide nanostructures zinc oxide is very popular because of its unique optoelctronic properties which are of wide importance in the field of nano-optoelectronic devices. Moreover, it also exhibit antibacterial activity which is very important in the field of medical science. This article briefly summarizes the wet chemical growth and anti-bacterial activity of several ZnO nanostructures with a view to provide the reader an overall feature of ZnO nanostructures.

Nanostructured materials are in the frontline of the present scientific research because of their multifunctional properties that leads their applications from optics to electronic, from mechanical engineering to medical science and technology. However increased levels of nanomaterials in the environment drastically affect the lifestyle activity of the microorganism of the environment. This also changes the biodiversity of the system. This mini review discusses about effect of nanoparticles on the Biodiversity of Soil and Water Microorganism Community as reported by the researchers. Also the mechanism of nanoparticle-microorganism interaction and functionality has been discussed.

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising tools for the current revolution in agri-food sector. Nanotechnology approaches provide novel and innovative ways to improve crop yield and to reduce the use of harmful crop protection agents. Nanotechnology can be useful for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of plants, lesser use of pesticides/insecticides/herbicides, nanosensors for crop protection from bacteria, disease treatment, pest control management and genetic manipulations by nano delivery vehicles. Also, nanotechnology has great advantages in food sector like detection of pesticides/toxicants in food items, development of food storage and packaging materials, enhancement of shelf life of foods, nanoencapsulation of food nutraceuticals or bioactive molecules, detection of pathogens in food materials, enhancement of food taste, color and odour. Above all, safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials should be of priority before their exploration for positive impact on agriculture and food.

The influences of electromagnetic field(EMF) of high voltage transmission lines(HVTL) with 50 Hz on the features of blood in the animals, including the biochemical indicators, routine index, refractive index and infrared absorption of the serum and adtevak as well as the features of hemoglobin molecules in it, are researched and measured extensively by using the biological- chemical methods, LQ-300 K automatic biochemistry analyzer, 670Nicolet FTIR spectrometers and Abbe refractometer, respectively. The results obtained showed the variations for the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), globulin (CLO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ratio of ALB with CLO (A/C), urea nitrogen (BUN), direct bilirubin (DB), globulin (GLO) as well as refractive index in the blood under the influences of the EMF, but their variations are differences, in which the variation of ALT is most significant (P<0.05), the increase of number of white blood cells is also significant (P<0.01). Thus we can affirm that the EMF of HVTL can vary the properties of the blood in rats. At the same time, we further elucidated the reasons or mechanisms of these change, for which we can say totally that they are due to the variations of the states and properties of the protein molecules, such as the hemoglobin, in blood. This conclusion can be verified by the experimental results in the infrared absorptions of the serum, adtevak and hemoglobin molecules, respectively. Therefore, our investigations manifested clearly that the EMF irradiated by HVTL can influence and vary the properties of the blood in rats; it has an obvious biological effect.

Impaired wound healing is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation in people with diabetes mellitus. Skin substitutes engineered from biomaterials currently play an important role in the healing process of diabetic wounds, especially those wounds that fail to show progress after standard wound care. This article summarizes current developments of biomaterials used for promoting the wound healing process in either diabetic animal models or patients with diabetes mellitus. Those biomaterials can be categories into tissue-derived scaffolds, hydrogel-based biomaterials and biomaterials with controlled-release of signaling molecules. Tissue-derived scaffolds maintain perfect extracellular matrix architectures for three-dimensional cell growth and rebuilding of multi-layer tissue structures within scaffolds after implantation. Hydrogel-based biomaterials are engineered to resemble the natural extracellular matrix for cell invasion and capillary growth. Biomaterials processed with cells or controlled-release of signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines) can induce angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, cell recruitment and migration as well as inhibit consistent inflammation, thereby accelerating the wound healing process. Better understanding of the mechanism of diabetic wound healing will lead to the development of even better biomaterials possibly with inclusion of engineered patient derived cells or factors which will aid in vivo vascularization and consistent release of tissue-inductive signals. By reviewing the recent literature, we draw future perspectives on new strategies for further improvement of the individualized therapy of diabetic wounds.

One of the most challenging issues of musculoskeletal medicine is represented by injuries of the articular cartilage due to the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. A consequence of these injuries is represented by osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition of the joints, caused because of the progressive wear and tear on articular cartilage. A solution to prevent progressive joint degeneration in osteoarthritis is represented by a surgical intervention which offers the advantage of the success of total joint replacement, but also offers several disadvantages such as such as slower remodeling, immune reaction and disease transmission. In the last years, the researchers have found a solution to avoid surgical intervention by using biomaterials. This study aims to provide an updated survey of the major progress in the flied of biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering, including biomaterials (natural, synthetic or composites), their advantages or disadvantages and the main seeding cell sources. Also, this review focuses on the progress made in the field of biomaterials for cartilage tissue repair and/or regeneration over the last years.

Burns and other severe skin injuries alter cutaneous perception of pain, temperature, and touch. During skin wound healing, peripheral nerve regeneration can occur from nerve endings of the wound bed, however, a functional recovery after an injury is often not sufficient due to scar formation or impaired wound healing.

microRNA (miRNA) is non-coding RNA sequences that modify DNA, typically through cleavages. They can have an effect on cell cycle progression, namely through inhibiting regulators for tumorigenesis control. Because of this, specific miRNA sequences can be monitored for cancer detection purposes. This detection is conducted through a variety of methods, such as in tissue, blood plasma, serum, ductal lavage fluid and nipple aspirate fluid. Recent research has been done to compare miRNA detection accuracy between these methods, especially with tissue analyses since this tends to be more invasive. Imaging methods have been utilized for cancer detection, but they are less effective in staging cancers, which is necessary for clinicians to provide individualized treatments. In several cases, detection accuracy has been compared to the accuracy from biopsy methods, which is a common practice but also invasive. In the future, non-invasive techniques of detection and personalized treatments will be the emphasis of research in cancer detection.