Dominique Z Reed, Nicole Krupp, Suman Suman, Susan Yeyeodu, Kevin S Kimbro and LaCreis R Kidd
Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Once the disease spreads and becomes less responsive to conventional treatments, the 5-year survival rates drops to 13%. Thus, new therapeutic targets will help to exert anti-tumor effects or improve the effective treatment of aggressive colorectal cancer. Ideal clinical management tools include Toll-like receptor-related markers (e.g., TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, MyD88) due to their capacity to alter numerous cancer-related pathways, including innate/adaptive immune/inflammation signaling, cell death, cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review sheds light on the immune boosting and anti-carcinogenic effects of TLR agonist/antagonist alone or combined with conventional therapy (radiation, chemotherapy, antibiotics) against colorectal cancer based on pre-clinical and clinical studies. Additional research is needed on the therapeutic potential of other TLR-related markers (e.g., TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR10) in relation to aggressive colorectal cancer. This article will lead the development of the next generation of TLR-targeted therapeutics for the effective treatment of aggressive colorectal cancer.
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