மருந்தியல் மற்றும் இயற்கை தயாரிப்புகளின் இதழ்

Balanophora subcupularis P.C.Tam, a new record species from Nui Ba forest (Lam Dong prov., Vietnam), is described, illustrated and compared to some species in the same genus Balanophora, together with a species with similar morphological features. The results were database to identify the species of Balanophora subcupularis P.C.Tam.

The study of Indonesian’s marine sponge Callyspongia Sp. against white spot syndrome virus has been conducted in June 2017. Bioactive metabolite terpene isolated based on methods of bioassay-guided separation. LCMS-ESI spectrum indicate that molecular formula C24H44O5 with molecular weight is 412.576 m/z. FTIR spectrum indicated bioactive metabolite has ether C-O group at 1261 cm-1 and hydroxy group O-H at 3419 cm-1. The spectrum of 1H NMR and 13C NMR indicated that metabolite active compound as polyhydroxy isocopalane. The antiviral activity of isolate compound has been conducted against white spot syndrome virus from Litopenaeus vannamei. The result antiviral activity showed that the compound activity is strong at concentration 60 mg/L with survivability percentage at 34%. The result indicated that polyhydroxy isocopalane has an activity as anti-white spot syndrome activity from Litopenaeus vannamei.

The development of potent and inexpensive antiparasitic agents for common use is imperative due to the absence of an effective and safe treatment for visceral leishmaniasis, a devastating parasitic disease. Oleuropein, a secoiridoid, exerts an antileishmanial effect on promastigotes of Leishmania infantum, L. major and L. donovani, as well as on amastigotes of L. donovani in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In this study, our aim was to characterize how oleuropein drives parasites into cell death. Our hypothesis is that oleuropein promotes an apoptotis-like cell death which restrains the inflammatory processes that facilitate parasitic dissemination.

Logarithmic-phase L. donovani promastigotes were treated with oleuropein for 24, 48 and 72 h, and parasitic cell cycle, parasitic membrane asymmetry and intracellular generalized oxidative stress were assessed via flow cytometry. Morphological alterations were analyzed with confocal microscopy.

Cell-cycle analysis revealed that oleuropein fragmented parasite DNA within the first 24 h of incubation. In vitro treatment of promastigotes with oleuropein resulted in several morphological alterations and significant annexin V binding. Interestingly, oleuropein treatment did not increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species until 48 h of incubation.

Our findings suggest that oleuropein promotes apoptosis-like cell death in L. donovani promastigotes that is not being mediated by an induced endoparasitic oxidative stress.

In Nigerian ethnomedicine, Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (Fabaceae) is used in the management of heart related diseases. This study investigated the effect of sub-chronic administration of methanol-dichloromethane stem bark extract of S. micranthus (SME) on lipid profile and histology of liver and kidney of rats. Adult albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) and received daily administration of SME (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and 2 ml/kg distilled water (control) respectively for 28 days per oral. Biochemical tests were performed pre-treatment and subsequently fortnightly as the treatment commenced. The results showed that the extract increased the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration while low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced compared with the baseline values. However, the histopathological examination of the liver and kidney of the rats that received extract and solvent revealed normal portal area with bile ducts and hepatic artery as well as normal glomerulus and renal tubules without observable changes suggesting zero tendency of causing toxic effects. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that SME contained alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, saponins, proteins and, fats oils. SME exhibited an oral LD50 >5 g/kg in mice. These findings suggest that the stem bark extract of S. micranthus contains constituents that possess hypolipidemic activity in rats.

Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic activitiy of flavonoid from binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaves.

Method: α-glycosidase enzyme inhibiting activity was tested in vitro and antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced mice.

Results: The research shows that ethyl acetate extract of binahong leaves had α-glycosidase enzyme inhibition of 81,23 μg/mL. Isolation of active compounds in binahong leaves successfully identified flavonoid compound of 8- Glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, which is also known as 8-Glucopyranosylapigenin. 8-Glucosylapigenin that is also popularly known as Orientoside was found to have α-glycosidase enzyme inhibiting activity with IC50 value of 20, 23 μg/mL and have an ability to decrease blood glucose in alloxan-induced mice.

Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extracts of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaves contain flavonoid compound of 8- Glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, which is also known as 8-Glucopyranosylapigenin, 8-Glucosylapigenin, which is able to decrease blood glucose and inhibit enzim α-glycosidase enzyme.

Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are protozoan diseases caused respectively by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania parasites transmitted by the female phlebotomine sandflies and Trypanosoma parasites transmitted by the tsetse fly. In the search for agents from tropical medicinal plants to treat these two neglected tropical diseases, serially extracted petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the leaves of Monodora crispata and Monodora brevipes, and eleven aporphines alkaloids isolated from the dried powdered leaves of the two plants were evaluated against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypomastigotes. The extracts of both plants and the isolated compounds displayed varied levels of antiprotozoal activities. The oxoaporphine compounds, (+)-anolobine (7) and (+)-listeferine (8), exerted the most significant activity against L. donovani (IC50: 14.59 μM) and T. brucei brucei (LC100: 50.02 μM) respectively. This is the first report on the antiprotozoal activity of the isolated compounds. The results offer potential for further studies of the oxoaporphines for enhanced antiprotozoal activity.