பயோடைவர்சிட்டி & அழிந்து வரும் உயிரினங்களின் இதழ்

Endemic flora and fauna are species that are native to specific regions and are not found anywhere else in the world. These species play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance within their ecosystems. This article explores the significance of endemic species, their unique adaptations, and the threats they face from habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species. It also highlights the conservation efforts necessary to protect these irreplaceable components of the world's ecosystems. By examining various examples of endemic flora and fauna, we aim to understand their value and the need for their preservation.

Forest fragmentation is a significant ecological issue characterized by the division of large forested areas into smaller, isolated patches. This process has far-reaching impacts on biodiversity, often leading to the decline and extinction of various species. This article explores the relationship between forest fragmentation and the decline of endangered species. It discusses the key drivers of fragmentation, such as deforestation, urban expansion, and infrastructure development. It also examines how fragmentation affects animal populations by disrupting migration patterns, reducing genetic diversity, and limiting access to resources. Through case studies and scientific evidence, we highlight the critical need for conservation strategies to restore forest connectivity and protect endangered species from further decline.

Habitat quality is a critical determinant of ecosystem functioning and resilience. High-quality habitats provide the necessary resources and conditions for species to thrive, supporting biodiversity and promoting ecosystem services. This article explores the relationship between habitat quality and ecosystem functioning, examining the factors that contribute to habitat quality and how they affect ecosystem resilience. It also discusses the threats to habitat quality, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change, and the strategies for improving and maintaining highquality habitats. The article concludes with a call to action for policymakers, conservationists, and communities to prioritize habitat preservation and restoration for a sustainable future.

The experiment was conducted in the Ginir District of the Bale Zone in the Oromia Region in the southeast of Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the major plant nutrients in compost made from Parthenium combined with wheat residue and farmyard manure, as well as its overall quality and nutrient contents. To fulfill the designated purpose, the Parthenium plants were gathered before flowering and chopped into smaller pieces. Based on this, it can be concluded that the preparation of the compost and the material sources play a significant role, especially since different materials and methods were used throughout the study. The Parthenium compost was thus made separately for each of the following three categories or treatments: Parthenium biomass plus farm yard manure, Parthenium biomass plus crop residue and Parthenium biomass combination with both farm yard manure and crop residue. After being prepared and harvested, the Parthenium compost was subjected to a final laboratory analysis. Using conventional laboratory techniques, the main chemical properties, including pH, EC, OC, TN, available P, CEC, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), were measured. The obtained results for the nutrient content characterizations were: pH; Ec; OM; TN; CEC; 7.1 to 7.27; 0.000058 to 0.000062 ds/m; 35.2 to 37.8%; 1.83% to 1.98% and 34.8 to 53.2 cmol+/ kg, respectively. Exchangeable bases exhibit a similar trend for the major essential plant nutrients. The results indicated that the compost had a high concentration of plant nutrients and varied significantly between the three Parthenium compost preparation methods. Parthenium compost, therefore, offers multiple benefits, including high nutrient contents, weed control capabilities and generally environmentally sound uses of organic fertilizers.